吉林省东部山区人参栽培基地土壤中微生物的生态分布

Ecological Distribution of Microorganism on Ginseng Cultivation Soil in the East Mountain Areas of Jilin Province

[目的]研究吉林省东部山区人参栽培基地土壤中微生物的生态分布。[方法]以吉林省东北山区的5个主要人参产区（抚松、长白、集安、靖宇、敦化）的林下土壤、老参地土壤和人参栽培地土壤为对象,研究不同利用形式下土壤微生物的分布。[结果]结果表明,与新林土相比,栽参土和老参地不同人参产地的微生物总数普遍降低,其中栽参土中细菌总数降低了48.6%～63.7%,老参地降低了57.1%～82.9%,差异达到显著水平（P〈0.05）。与新林土相比,栽参土和老参地放线菌的数量分别降低了60.0%～75.3%和42.1%～77.6%,差异达到显著水平（P〈0.05）,而真菌总数均有不同程度的增加,栽参土真菌总数是新林土的1.6～3.9倍,老参地是新林土的2.8～6.3倍。3类土壤微生物分布具有不同的季节性规律。[结论]为克服人参连作障碍,提高人参的产量和质量,实现人参生产的可持续发展提高了科学依据。

[Objective] The research aimed to study the ecological distribution of microorganism on ginseng cultivation soil in the east mountain areas of Jilin Procince.[Method] The variations of microflora in the soil of forest,planting and planted ginseng from 5 ginseng cultivation bases（Fusong,Changbai,Ji＇an,Jingyu and Dunhua） were studied.[Result] The investigation results showed that compared with forest soil,the quantity of microflora decreased in planting and planted ginseng soil.Thereinto,the number of bacteria reduced by 48.6%-63.7% in planting ginseng soil and 57.1%-82.9% in planted ginseng soil.Compared with forest soil,the number of actinomycete reduced by 60.0%-75.3% in planting ginseng soil and 42.1%-77.6% in planted ginseng soil.Obvious differences from forest,planting and planted ginseng occurred among bacteria and actinomycete using single factor variance analysis（P〈0.05）.But Compared with forest soil,the number of fungi increased by 1.6-3.9 times of planting ginseng soil and 2.8-6.3 times planted ginseng soil.The quantities of soil microorganisms varied with seasons.[Conclusion] The study provided the scientific basis for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles of ginseng,promoting the yield and quality of ginseng and realizing the sustainable development of ginseng production.