微观视野下的中国近代乡村教育——相关人类学著作的若干启发

The Rural Education in Modern China in the Vision of Micro——Enlightenment from Some Anthropology Works

对中国教育近代变迁的研究,在宏观和中观层面上已经有了不少的成果,但是对于近代教育到底在民众的生活中扮演了什么角色,尤其是给占人口绝大多数的乡村民众的生活带来了什么,这些具有根本性的问题却很少有人涉足。其实自20世纪初人类学引入我国以来,不同时期出版的海内外学者的社会人类学著作或带有人类学色彩的史学著作中,都对中国近代乡村教育的实际情况有过描述和分析,其中几部代表性的著作能给近代乡村教育研究带来若干启发。我们可以借鉴人类学那种"他者的眼光"来理解中国近代乡村教育的实况,并采用社区研究法来揭示乡村教育与乡村民众生活之间的关系。

There are some achievements about modem changes of Chinese education at the macro-middle-scale levels. But, what role did modem education play in people＇s life？ What did modem education bring to the people＇s life, especially for the vast majority of the population, the rural masses？ Few people have touched these essential questions. In fact, since social anthropology was introduced from the West during the early 1900s, some researchers of different periods have described and analyzed the practical situation of the rural education in modem China in their social anthropological writings or historical writings that invested with anthropology. Some of them can enlighten our research about modem rural education. We can borrow ideas from the view of ＂other＂ raised by anthropology to learn the practical situation of the rural education in modem China, and use community studies to fred the relationship between the rural education and the rural masses life.