5O'Malley, J.M. & A.U. Chamot. Learning Strategies in Second Lan guage Acquisition[M].Cambridge University Press, 1990.
6Richards,J.C. &T.S. Rodgers. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching[M]. Cambridge:CUP, 1986. 114.
7Littlewood,W. Autonomy: an anatomy and a framework[J]. System, Vol ume 24,1996, (4).
8Tudor, I. Teacher roles in the learner-centered classroom[J]. ELT Jour nal. Volume47, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993,(1).
9Wenden,A. The Processes of Self-Directed: A Case Study of Adult language Learners[M].Doctor of Education Thesis, Teachers Col lege, Columbia University, 1992.
10Eisler, R. The Chalice and the Blade[M].Son Francisco: Harper and Row, 1987.
