呼伦贝尔草原物种多样性与生物量、环境因子的关系

The Relationship between Plant Species Richness in Hulunbeier Grassland and Biomass and Environmental Factors

通过大范围群落调查,研究了内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原三种主要草原类型物种多样性与生物量的关系,并讨论了气候、土壤等环境因子对物种丰富度的影响。结果表明:(1)三种类型草原的群落平均高度、盖度和Shannon-Wiener指数:草甸草原>典型草原>荒漠草原,三种类型草原均匀度差异不显著,典型草原和草甸草原有明显的优势种,荒漠草原没有明显优势种;(2)三种类型草原中,典型草原和草甸草原物种丰富度与地上生物量呈线性正相关,随尺度增大,丰富度与生物量的关系有单峰曲线的趋势;(3)物种丰富度随水分和土壤有机碳含量增加而增加,随温度上升而下降,水热因子是影响物种丰富度的主要环境因子。

Based on investgation of community, the relationship between species richness and aboveground biomass in meadow, steppe and desert steppe of Hulunbeier grassland, were studied, and affects of climat- ic and soil factors on species richness were discussed. The results showed that： （1） Mean height and cov- erage of plant community were in the order： meadow~〉steppe^desert steppe, meadow and steppe had a higher stability of plant community structure than desert steppe; （2） Species richness was positively relat- ed with aboveground biomass in steppe and meadow and this relationship had a trend of slowing down when the scale was broadened; （3） Species richness increased with the increasing mean annual precipitation and organic carbon, at the same time, species richness decreased with the increase of accumulated tempera- ture. Water and temperature were the most influential factors affecting species richness.