北京山区旅游气候舒适度的定量评价

Quantitative Evaluation of Climatic Suitability for Tourism in the Beijing Mountainous Area

北京山区面积为10417．5km2，占北京市土地总面积的62％，主要担负着北京的生态屏障功能，而其经济的发展是山区生态功能发挥的有力保障，生态旅游是协调二者的有效途径，应成为山区经济发展的主要方向。由于气候是开展旅游活动的重要条件之一，因此对旅游气候舒适度进行定量评价，可为山区的旅游规划及旅游资源的开发利用提供科学依据。本文利用北京山区1km2网格的气候资料，在GIS的支持下，计算了各网格的温湿指数和风效指数，并由此推算出了1月-12月的旅游气候舒适度及不同舒适度等级的分布面积。结果表明，北京山区旅游气候适宜期较长，除1月、2月和12月份旅游气候不适外，其它时间均为旅游气候适宜期，其中旅游气候舒适期可从4月持续到10月底。由于山区地形的复杂性，利用1km2网格的气候资料进行北京山区旅游气候舒适度评价与单纯利用6个山区气象台站的气候资料进行评价相比，可获得更加科学和可靠的评价结果。

The mountainous area within Beijing＇s boundaries totals 10 417.5 km2, making up 62 % of the total land area. According to the ＂Beijing city master plan＂ （2004 ~ 2020） and the ＂11th Five-Year Plan＂, ecological function is the primary requirement of the mountainous area. Meanwhile, economic development is also important for people living there, who account for 7 % of the total population of Beijing, because economic development can help to ensure ecological function. Eco-tourism development should be the strategy for coordinating these two aspects. As climate is one of the most important factors for tourism activities, this paper quantifies the climatic suitability for tourism in Beijing＇s mountains in the interest of guiding tourism development. The climatic suitability was evaluated using a temperaturehumidity index and wind effect index, which were calculated with 1km-scale grid climate data using GIS. Results showed that in December, January, and February the climate is not suitable for tourism in most of Beijing＇s mountainous areas as the wind effect index was under - 800, except for in the piedmont warm zone. In spring and autumn months （April, May, September, October）, most of the area has a suitable climate and is comfortable, with a wind effect index between - 600 and - 300. However, lower temperatures are necessary for ice/snow tourism which is one of the main attractions of Beijing＇s mountains. In summer, when the temperature-humidity index is over 72, the climate is unsuitable for tourism. However, these climate conditions only exist in the piedmont warm zone of Fangshan and Yanqing, while in the rest of Beijing＇s mountainous area the temperature-humidity index is under 72. The total area with temperature-humidity index under 70 was 8 402 km2 in June, 3 393 km2 in July and 5 868 km2 in August. These regions could be used as summer retreats. On the whole, the period suitable for tourism in Beijing＇s mountainous area was from March to November, with the comfortable period lasting from April to October. These results indicate that the climatic resources in Beijing＇s mountainous area meet the requirements for development of ecological tourism. Because of the complexity of the terrain around Beijing, quantitative evaluation of climatic suitability based on l km-scale grid climate data is more scientific and reliable than simply using the climate data from the six local meteorological stations.