快速城市化背景下开放式交通系统对土地利用空间格局的影响

Impacts of Open Transport System on Changes in Land Use Spatial Distribution Under Rapid Urbanization in Shenzhen City

以深圳市为研究案例,利用遥感数据、土地利用数据和政府部门资料等多种数据源,引入缓冲区分析和空间叠加等GIS空间分析技术,从定性和定量角度开展了快速城市化背景下开放式交通系统对土地利用空间格局的影响作用。宏观分析结果表明:深圳城市发展过程中开发式交通系统对土地开发有着重要影响作用,交通线路是城市空间拓展的方向和骨架,在交通线路的带动下形成了西部、东部和中部等3条沿交通轴线的"带形"城镇空间密集区域。定量分析结果表明:开放式交通系统对其缓冲区内的土地利用变化有着较强的影响,沿线区域土地利用重新时空分布,土地利用空间格局特征发生较大变化。综合起来可以发现,深圳开放式交通线路对沿线土地利用的空间分布具有强烈的影响作用,沿线区域土地利用空间分布格局发生较大变化,建设用地大量增加并趋向近距离分布,耕地、园地和林地等大量减少并日渐趋向远距离分布。

Shenzhen City, which used to be a small border town with a population of 30 000, has developed into a large modern city with a population of over ten million. It is a good case study for examining the impacts of an open transport system on changes in the spatial distribution of land use, as Shenzhen is not only a city mainly shaped by modem urban planning ideologies, but is also an area under very high-speed urbanization. As such, this study can contribute to the knowledge for cities under a strong planning orientation and also cities experiencing high-speed urbanization, especially those in developing countries. After a brief review of studies from both Western and Chinese perspectives, this paper makes a thorough and holistic study of the impacts of the open transport system on the changes in land use spatial distribution in Shenzhen. This study uses remote sensing data, land use data and official government information, and adopts the GIS overlay analysis and buffer analysis technique to study the influence of open transport systems from both qualitative and quantitative angles. The results of the macro-analysis show that the open transport system has had a great influence on land exploration in the process of urban development of Shenzhen. The traffic lines, along which there are strips of dense urban space in the west, east and central regions, provide the orientation and framework for expansion of urban space. The qualitative analysis is confirmed by quantitative analysis, which shows that the open transport system has a great influence on land use change in buffer zones. In the areas along the lines, the spatial and temporal distribution of land use has made large changes, and the spatial pattern of land use changed greatly. It reflects the corridor-mechanism effect of the traffic factor on land use change, including the spatial attraction-concentration and repulsion-differentiation effects of the open transport system on land use. The GIS overlay analysis and buffer analysis reveal that the attraction and repulsion forces interact with each other and therefore impact the spatial distribution of land use. This paper demonstrates that the open transport system of Shenzhen has a great influence on the spatial distribution of land use. In the areas along the transport lines, the distribution pattern of land use exhibits major changes.