村域生态经济位的时空演化及其调控——河南省巩义市292个行政村的实证研究

Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Village-Level Eco-Economic Niches and Their Regulation:An Empirical Research on 292 Villages of Gongyi,Henan

在工业经济支撑下，河南省巩义市于上世纪80年代跻身于全国百强县的行列。但是，随着村域经济的发展，村域主体（企业、农户等）问的竞争日趋激烈，资源短缺，配置效率低，能源紧张问题突出，恶性竞争时有发生，已成为制约该市村域经济增长的瓶颈。本文在简述国内外学者研究的基础上，指出借用生态学研究村域经济发展具有优越性，并结合ArcGIS技术对1994年～2006年间观义市292介村域生态经济位的时空演化进行分析，认为村域经济在稳步向前发展的同时，呈现动态波动特征。针对村域经济发展过程中存在的产业结构重构、恶性竞争、资源要素配置不合理等问题，提出3点调控措施：实施错位经营战略；共同进化代替竞争排斥；开拓潜在生态位。

In the 1980s, Gongyi City in Henan Province joined the ranks of the top 100 strongest counties in China, and has gradually ascended to a higher rank. However, along with the development of the rural economy, factors such as increasingly severe competition among the main bodies （such as cooperatives and farmers） in the villages, a shortage of resources, low efficiency of arrangements, intensity of energy sources and occasionally vicious competition have become constraints on rural economic development. Based on the previous studies of many scholars inside and outside of China, this paper points out the advantage of applying ecology to research on rural economy. With the combination of ecological niche theory and data on village-level development, we employ GIS technology along with industrial and agricultural GDP to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution of 292 village-level niches of Gongyi from 1994 to 2006. The study shows the characteristics of village-level niches of Gongyi. Most villages occupy lower niches and are scattered, with villages with upper niches congregated in the middle and western part of the region, while those with higher niches take the center-flank form of distribution. As for the temporal changes of village-level niches, the whole discrepancy of village-level ecological niches fluctuates and increases, which in turn boosts polarization. Villages in the intermediate niches shrink gradually, and there is a trend of diversity for the discrepancies of all types of villages. As far as temporal and spatial changes, villages with lower ecological niches crowd in the economic margins, resulting in spatial transfer of villages. Those with higher niches decentralize, and village distribution pattern ultimately takes its shape in high ecological niches. In terms of problems during the development of the village-level economy in Gongyi, this paper stresses the reconstruction of industry configuration and the inappropriate arrangement of resources. Based on the analysis of niches, the paper points out 3 aspects which should be taken into account： dislocation business strategy, co-evolution instead of competition and repulsion, and the exploration of potential ecological niches.