高速公路地质灾害遥感调查方法--以陕西省为例

Remote sensing method for freeway geological disaster:a case study of Shaanxi Province

提出一套适合公路工程特点的遥感图像处理方法(如多光谱图像信息增强和彩色合成、清晰度处理和数据加密放大),并结合已有地质资料和野外调查成果进行公路地质灾害调查,充分发挥了遥感技术速度快、质量高、效益显著的优势。采用TM或ETM图像为数据源,以陕西省三大自然分异区秦巴山区、关中平原、黄土高原为例进行实证研究,符合生产实际,值得推广应用。

With existing geological and field investigation data, this paper proposed an approach for remote sensing image processing of multi-spectral image enhancement and color composite, definition processing, data interpolation and magnifying, which is adapted to the freeway engineering, to investigate geological disasters along a freeway path. With TM and ETM images as data sources, the paper takes three biggest natural differentiation areas in Shaanxi province （Qinba Mountainous Area, Guanzhong Plain, Loess Plateau） as case study to validate the approach. In the surveying and mapping of twenty or more freeway pathes in Shaanxi Province, a large fault zone in Qinling Mountains, a lot of coal goaf sections at Guanzhong Plain and Yulin Prefecture, geological disasters of landslide and slacktip distributed almost the whole province are founded and positioned with the approach, and new plans for the freeway layouts are put forward based on the new findings. The appoach can improve 30% to 50% of the surveying efficiency. Experimental results showed that the approach is practically effective and worth a further promotion.