四川汶川地震灾害与地质环境安全

Disasters induced by the Wenchuan earthquakes,Sichuan,China,and geo-environmental safety

根据野外应急调查、遥感解译、历史地质信息等资料,对"5.12"汶川地震引发的地质灾害做出了总体评估。划分了地震区地质灾害的类型,描述了地质灾害的典型实例。基于汶川地震的基本特征,结合美国、日本减轻地震灾害的经验,讨论了地质环境与人类安全的关系。初步认为:地质安全是人类生存安全的最基本层面,其工作目标是探求地质环境安全和地质灾害风险的可接受程度,工作任务是调查评价不同尺度和不同功能区域的地质环境质量、容量,并判断地震、气象(候)、人为活动等多种因素影响下的地质灾害风险。

Based on the field investigation in emergency, interpretation of remote sensing images and historic geo-data, the author puts forward an over-all evaluation of geohazards induced by the Wenchuan earthquakes. Geohazard types in the earthquake area are distinguished and some typical examples are described. The relation between human safety and geo-environment is discussed on the basis of the basic characteristics of the Wenchuan earthquakes, combined with experience of the United States and Japan in earthquake disaster mitigation..The author believes that geological safety is the first factor for meeting human existence, and its work goal is to make scrutiny for acceptability of geo-environmental safety and geohazard risk. The tasks of geological work are to survey and evaluate the geo-environmental quality and capacity at different scales and in different function regions and judge geological risks affected by earthquakes, climate and human activities.