许学夷唐体之辨及其诗歌史意义

XU Xueyi’s Discrimination on Style of Tang Poetry and Its Historic Significance in Chinese Poetics

许学夷所辨之唐"体"包含两层内容:一为"体制声调",一为"气象风格"。前者着眼于诗歌的体式规范,关乎声律形式诸方面要素;后者立足于诗歌的风格特征,与总体呈现的艺术意味和精神态势有关。而体制声调与气象风格一为"先",一为"本",即先从诗歌的形式要素入手,进而上溯或呈现其气象风格之本然状貌。在辨体的基础上,许学夷展开对唐诗因革关系的描述,划分"源"与"流"、"正"与"变",理出诗歌发展变化的线索。作为对一种审美范式的标举,许学夷勉力维护着汉魏盛唐诗的正宗地位,而出于对诗歌发展历史的通识,他又承认了唐诗变异的合理性。

XU Xueyi＇s discrimination of style of Tang poetry contains two layers of meaning： one is structure, the other is style. The former is concerned with poetic regulations including meters and forms; the latter is concerned with the stylistic features of the poem and connected with the artistic connotation and spiritual tendency. These two represent the ＂priority＂ and ＂essence＂ of poetic composition, that is, to begin with the form of poetry and then to present the original characteristics of the style. Based on the discrimination, XU describes the transformation of Tang poetry, making clear the transformational clue of poetic development by defining the ＂root＂ and ＂flower＂ and ＂essence＂ and ＂change＂ of it. As an effort to set up an aesthetic example, Xu tries to defend the real position of the poems created in the periods of Han Wei and ShengTang, and he also admits the rationalization of the transformation.