黄海太平洋鲱受精前后卵膜的动态变化

A STUDY OF THE VE, FE AND PLASMA MEMBRANE OF CLUPEA PALLASI EGGS DURING THE DYNAMIC CHANGE PROCESS OF FERTILIZATION

本文使用透射电镜，细胞化学和扫描电镜等方法，在亚微水平上对黄海太平洋鲱鱼（ＣｌｕｐｅａｐａｌａｓｉＣｖｖ，＆Ｖｏｌ．）卵黄膜和受精膜的结构以及皮层小泡在卵黄膜转化为受精膜过程中的作用，受精卵新质膜的形成及其细胞化学变化等进行了研究。观察到，太平洋鲱鱼卵黄膜由５层组成，皮层小泡参与了受精膜的形成，在卵黄膜转化为受精膜的过程中，５层都发生不同程度的形态和糖蛋白及ＰＡＳ阳性物质的变化。另外发现太平洋鲱有３种皮层小泡存在。在皮层反应中，第一种皮层小泡在受精后３ｍｉｎ内迅速破裂，未受精卵尚含有ＰＴＡ染色的小颗粒从小泡中泌出，其界膜形成了质膜的一部份。受精后，此质膜与皮层小泡形成的质膜相同排列构成卵子新的质膜。另外，还发现第一小泡顶部，与卵子质膜相接触的卵子表面有富含糖蛋白的泡状结构。卵子质膜表面糖蛋白及ＰＡＳ阳性物质。

The VE, FE and plasme mebrane of Clupea pallasi eggs was examined with electron microscope and cytochemical techniques. The cortical alveolar exudate is involved in the transformation of the VE into the FE during the process of fertilization. The VE is composed of five layers. The outmost (first) layer of the VE is less dense and homogeneous in general, but there is a dense substance on the outside of the surface of the VE, which is called the border in this paper. The border is more glycoploternrich and some small radial canals with opening proes (average diameter 0.8￣1.6μ) cross through this layer. It is thicker (average 17μ) than the other layers (layers Ⅱ-Ⅴ: 0.48μ、11.3μ、0.23￣0.3μ、6.6μ). The second and fourth layers of the VE are thin layers composed of granule with mark by RR. The third and fifth layers composed of thin lamella with mark by RR also. There are differences between the VE and FE in the thickness and ultracytochemical. The border on the surface of the outmost layer of the FE is not stained by RR and PTA by 40min after fertilization. There are three types of cortical alveolar in the egg cortex, and some small alveolars contain granules stain with PTA between them. The granules secreate on the surface of the egg plasm membrane before fertilization. Cortical alveolar exudate forms a new layer on the outside of the surface of the FE. The surface substances of the plasma membrane of unfertilized and fertilized Clupea Pallasi eggs always change. There is membrane like structure stain with Rich RR on the outside of the surface of the plasma membrane which is touched by cortical alveolar. VE: Vitelline envelope FE: Fertilization envelope. PTA: Phosphotungstic acid. RR: Ruthenium red.