某蓄电池生产地区6～12岁儿童环境铅暴露的调查

Investigation of Environmental Lead Exposure in Children Aged 6-12 Years in an Area in China

目的了解某蓄电池生产地区(A、B、C、D四个村)6～12岁儿童铅暴露状况。方法于2007年10至11月在某蓄电池生产地区(A、B、C、D村)采用分层随机抽样的方法,并采用自制问卷调查当地309名6～12岁儿童,并采集静脉血、头发、指甲样品,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测血铅、发铅、甲铅含量。结果被调查儿童血铅几何均值为71.2μg/L, 54名儿童血铅≥100μg/L(铅超标率为17.5%)。男女儿童血铅几何均值分别为75.0μg/L、67.5μg/L。A村6～10岁儿童血铅水平高于11～12岁儿童,B村男童血铅水平、铅超标率高于女童。A村(与D村比较)、6～10岁(与11～12岁比较)、男孩(与女孩比较)为儿童血铅超标危险因素,OR值分别为9.110、2.484、2.102。发铅、甲铅含量与血铅浓度均为正相关,男童发铅水平高于女童。结论A村儿童铅暴露最严重;发铅受性别影响;发铅、甲铅可作为铅中毒辅助诊断指标,对铅暴露有提示作用。

Objective To investigate the environmental lead exposure in children aged 6-12 years in an area where there may be a potential lead pollution caused by storage battery production. Methods A sample survey with a questionnaire based on stratified probability samples of 309 children aged 6-12 years was carried out in four villages （A, B, C, D）. Atom-absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine the lead levels of blood, hair and nail samples from children. Results The geometric mean blood lead levels （BLLs） was 71.2ug/L. BLLs≥ 100 ug/L in 54 children （17.5%）. The geometric mean BLLs of boys and gifts were 75.0 ug/L and 67.5 p,g/L, respectively. At village A, BLLs of children aged 6-10 years were higher than those of children aged 11-12. At village B, compared with gifts, BLLs and rate of BLLs 〉I 100 p^g/L in boys were higher. Children at village A （compared with D）, aged 6-10 years （compared with 11-12 years）, boys （compared with gifts） were at the risk of BLLs~〉 100 Ixg/L, with the OR values of 9.110, 2.484, 2.102 respectively. HLLs （hair lead） and NLLs （nail lead） were positively associated with BLLs. HLLs of boys were larger than those Of gifts. Conclusion Children of village A suffered from the most serious lead exposure among all villages surveyed. The boys aged 6-10 years living in village A are at the high risk of environmental lead exposure. As an assistant diagnosis, HLLs and NLLs can be used as an indicator of lead exposure.