45例地震伤员的心理健康状况评估及护理

Assess on psychological health status of 45 earthquake wounded persons and nursing care

目的探讨地震灾后伤员心理健康状况及相关心理护理措施。方法用心理健康自评问卷(SRQ)结合精神检查对我院收治的45例地震伤员进行入院时与入院1个月后的心理评估。从环境设置、日常生活护理、心理社会支持等多方面进行心理护理干预。结果入院时SRQ筛查出7分以上20例,阳性率44.4%,需重点干预人数14例,占31.1%。1个月后SRQ复测,阳性6例,阳性率13.3%,与干预前比较有统计学意义(χ2=5.3,P<0.05)。SRQ评分与干预前比较亦有统计学意义(t=5.51,P<0.01)。结论地震灾后伤员出现较为明显的心理生理反应,应该加强心理社会支持,帮助受灾伤员度过心理危机,逐步适应新的生活状态。

Objective To explore psychological health status of earthquake wounded persons and nursing intervention. Methods Forty-five earthquake wounded persons were assessed by Self Reporting Questionnaire（SRQ）,their mental status were by psychologists. Nursing intervention consisted of supplying safe and comfortable circumstances,daffy life management and psycho-social supporting. Results The average score of SRQ was 7±4.61. Twenty （44.4%） patients were screened with SRQ score over 7 points and 14 （31.1%） patients need intensive intervention. The common psychological symptoms included anxiety,perceptual insecurity,sad and depression,angry and insomnia. After one month nursing intervention,the average score of SRQ was 4.5±2.8 and 6 （13.3%） patients＇ SRQ score remained over 7 points. There was significant difference in SRQ after intervention（t= 5.512,P〈0.01;Х^2=5.3,P〈0.05）. Conclusions Persons had obvious psychological symptoms after earthquake. Application of psycho-social supporting is necessary to help them getting through psychological crisis and adapting life status.