固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法标准研究

Study on the Standard Methods of Leaching Toxicity of Solid Waste

对国内外浸出方法标准体系、研究方向、应用目标、方法的特点和缺陷进行了系统总结,介绍了《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法硫酸硝酸法》(HJ/T299—2007)和《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法醋酸缓冲溶液法》(HJ/T300—2007)的模拟场景、方法学探讨和实验研究结果.目前,HJ/T299—2007已经成为我国危险废物浸出毒性鉴别的指定标准方法,而HJ/T300—2007也被用于特定危险废物和一般工业废物进入生活垃圾填埋场的入场检验.新制定的浸出方法标准的环境保护目标和模拟场景假设明确,实验参数由理论计算和系统的实验获得,具有较充分的方法学依据.尽管如此,对于该标准的客观、全面的评估还需要经过长期的执行过程才能获得,新的浸出方法标准只是在现有研究基础上的阶段性成果,还要随着环境管理的需要和细化以及研究的不断深入而加以补充和修改.

This article systematically reviews domestic and foreign standards for leaching methods, including the direction of research, the fields of application, and the characteristics and limitations of the methods. This article also introduces the simulation scenarios, methodology studies and experimental results of the standards ＂solid waste extraction procedure for leaching toxicity-sulphuric acid and nitric acid method＂ （HJ/T299-2007） and ＂solid waste extraction procedure for leaching toxicity-acetic acid buffer solution method＂ （H J/T300-2007）. At present, HJ/T299-2007 is used as the assigned standard method to identify toxicity leached from hazardous wastes in China, and HJ/T300-2007 is also used in the examination of specific hazardous wastes and general industrial wastes entering the municipal landfill sites. In these new standards, the environmental protection objective and the simulation scenario are defined, and the experimental parameters are obtained from the theoretical calculation and systematic experiments; therefore, the standards have abundant methodological basis. Even so, objective and general assessment can be obtained only after prolonged use. The new standards are based on first stage results from the present research and need to be complemented and modified in the future.