基于模糊数学和GIS的松花江流域水环境质量评价研究

Identification of the Songhua River Water Quality Using Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation and GIS Approach

应用模糊数学原理,以松花江流域1990—2006年15个国控断面的监测资料为依据,选择13种污染物为评价参数,运用模糊综合评价方法进行运算,得出综合评价结果.在评价过程中充分利用GIS的数据管理与空间表达能力,从产业结构特征上分析松花江流域水体污染的变化趋势,并运用地理信息手段表征流域水质的时空变化规律.结果表明:松花江流域整体水质呈现好转的趋势;河流水质的季节变化明显,其中嫩江区域受面源污染的影响,丰水期水质劣于枯水期,第二松花江和松花江干流区域枯水期污染较重,污染主要来源于工业废水和生活污水的排放;流域水质区域差异性表现为支流污染重于干流,大城市附近水域的水质明显劣于其他水域水质.流域主要污染物为石油类,CODMn,BOD5,氨氮和六价铬等.

According to the principle of fuzzy set theory, water quality of the Songhua River was assessed based on 13 kinds of pollutants which were selected from monitoring data of 15 monitoring sections in the Songhua River during 1990-2006. GIS method was also used to investigate the trend of water pollution and temporal-spatial changes from industrial structure characteristics in the Songhua River. The results showed that water quality of the Songhua River was improved, and varied significantly with different seasons. For example, water quality in the Nen River was mainly polluted by area-source pollution; the pollution was worse in the high water period than in the low water period. Water of the Second Songhua River and the mainstream of the Songhua River were more polluted during the low water period, and the main pollution sources were industrial sewage and domestic sewage. The spatial difference in water quality in the Songhua River basin was that water pollution in branch streams was greater than in the mainstream and greater in urban areas than other water areas. The major pollutants in the Songhua River basin were oil pollutants, CODMn , BOD5 , ammonia-N and chromium （ Ⅵ ） in Songhua River basin.