污泥施肥时铜对农作物的污染

Study on Copper Pollution from Fertilizing the Soil with Sludge

本文采用盆栽和小区试验,研究了在石灰性土壤上,污泥施肥时铜污染对小麦和水稻的影响,和作物对土壤中铜的吸收、迁移、积累规律。结果表明,土壤含过量铜时对作物的生长、发育和产量都有影响,土壤投加铜量为100ppm时能使较敏感的水稻减产10％,两种作物对铜的吸收积累量不同,在各器官的次序均为:根(?)茎>叶>籽粒,但籽粒中的铜都不超过20ppm。本试验投加铜后,提高了土壤中有效铜,并改变了土壤中原有铜离子的形态分布,试验结果和计算表明,在石灰性土壤中铜的最高容许含量为130ppm,建议农田污泥施肥时,在石灰性土壤上,我国的铜控制标准,可修改为800ppm。

The pot and plot experiments have been londacted for studying the effect of copper pollution on wheat and rice in calcareous soil fertilized with sludge containing copper. The results demonstrated that high concentrations of copper in soil affected on the growth of the crops and their yields. Rice was more susceptible to it than wheat, and reduced the yield about 10% when the soil had been treated with copper by 100 ppm. The order of absorption and accumulation of copper within the organs was as follows: root >> stem > leaf > grain. The copper content in grains of wheat and rice both were not higher than 20 ppm. In the soil fertilized with the sludge, the variation of available copper, its cation speciationand soil capacity were also studied in the paper. It is aug-gested that 130 ppm of copper as a critical value, and800 ppm as a maximun permissible limit in sludge as it is fertilized to calcareous soil.