教室噪声卫生标准的研究——交通噪声对师生教学与健康的影响

Influence of Traffic Noise on Teaching and the Teachers and Students' Health.

本课题选择受交通噪声影响轻重不同的三组中小学校,A校组(校园安静)、B校组(影响较重)、C校组(影响严重)。分別测量了教室噪声级与教师讲课声级;检查了教师声带有症率;调查了学生的学习和心理反应。对所得数据进行了统计处理,B、C校组与A校组比较,均有显著性或非常显著性差异,表明B、C校组师生的教学与健康受到了不同程度的影响与损害,而A校组的师生教学与健康未受到影响,认为教室噪声级的L_(10)为50dB是可容许的。上述研究结果为制订教室噪声卫生标准提供了科学依据。

This paper deals with a study on health standard of noise in the classrooms. Among the primary and middle schools in Beijing, Tianjin and Kunming, twenty two campuses were selected for monitoring noise. The campuses were devided into three groups according to the noise levels they suffered from traffic noise. Group A, composed ol 8 campuses, was quiet (L10 less than 50dB); group B, 8 campuses, noisier (61 dB); group; C, 6 campuses, nod-siesc (71 dB), The teachers' voice would get louder with noise level getting higher in the classrooms. The incidence of symptoms in the teachers' vocal cords and the studenrs' psychological reactions were investigated as indices. The differences between group A and groups B and C were obvious or very obvious in accordance with statistical examination. The results demonstrated that traffic noise had affected teaching activities and people's health of groups B and C. So it is suggested that 50 dB as L10 of noise in the classrooms be appropriate to formulation of the health standard of noise in the classroom.