政府制度供给与乡村合作运动——基于20世纪前半期中国乡村社会经济史视阈分析

Institutional Supply of Governments and Rural Cooperation Movement——An Analysis Based on Chinese Rural Economic History in Early Half of the 20th Century

20世纪前半期,为挽救行将崩溃的农村经济,国民政府推行了以乡村合作运动为中心的"供给主导型"制度变迁,促使了合作社大量快速设立。但是合作社发展受到了来自于财政金融体制的制约,根源在于政府有效制度供给能力不足及制度建设协调性缺失。实际上,同时作用于乡村的各种制度共同组成了社会的"制度系统"(如与合作社相关的行政、财政金融、土地等制度),制度间耦合关系决定了任何一项制度都必须与其他制度相结合才能发挥作用。此外,制度供给还要与政府的"社会动员"相结合,以形成政府力量与乡村民众之间的"共振"。否则,社会经济变迁极有可能会陷入"头重脚轻"的困境。

For saving the moribund rural economy in early halt ol the 20th century, Guomin government implemented the supply-led institutional transition focusing on rural cooperation movement, leading to large quantities of co-operations emerging. But co-operations couldn＇t operate well because of restrictions of financial and banking system. This phenomenon was due to insufficient institutional supply of the government and the lack of harmonious institutional construction. In fact, all kinds of systems functioning simultaneously in rural areas constitute the social institutional system, and coupling relations between systems determine that only a combination of all systems can function well. In addition, institutional supply should combine with social mobilization sponsored by governments in order to generate resonance between government power and rural people. Otherwise, social and economic transformation would possibly get caught up in the dilemma of ＂perfect institution but low efficiency＂.