30年工业比较优势的动态演进

Three Decades of China's Industrial Comparative Advantages

文章通过对中国出口结构变迁的数据分析后得到三个发现:一是作为全球劳动力最丰富的国家,中国劳动密集型产品占出口比重快速下降。二是出口结构不断转向包含更多人力资本的技术类产品,表明劳动力要素禀赋的内涵发生了重大变化。三是制造业中的资本密集型工业的出口竞争力还很弱,预示着提升资本密集型产业的竞争力是未来出口结构的调整方向。

The paper proposes three pieces of conclusions by using statistical data of dynamic evolution of Chinese export structure. Firstly, China is rich in labors, but it is shown that the proportion of labor-intensive products to total export ones in China has been on the sharp decline. Secondly, export structure is transformed to technological products containing more human capital and it indicates that the connotation of labor-factor endowment has been greatly changes. Thirdly, the export competitiveness of capital-intensive industries in manufacturing industry is still weak and it implies that the improvement of competitiveness of capital-intensive industries is the key to adjust future export structure in China.