无机盐对表面活性剂去污力影响的研究

Study on effect of inorganic salts on detergency of surfactants

用去污实验机测定了直链烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、α-烯基磺酸钠、脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠等阴离子表面活性剂的去污力，考察了无机盐对去污力的影响。结果表明，三聚磷酸钠使这几种表面活性剂的去污值增加了29．11％-121．26％，磷酸三钠使LAS的去污值增加了128．25％；三聚磷酸钠、参层状结晶二硅酸钠、4A沸石等软水剂增强去污力的效果最好，碳酸钠和硅酸钠等碱性助剂次之；硫酸钠、氯化钠、磷酸二氢钠和十水四硼酸二钠不适合用作洗涤剂的助洗剂。

Detergency of anionic surfactant, such as linear alkyl benzene sulfonate （ LAS）, aliphatic alco- hol ether sulfate,alpha olefin sulfonate, and fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate, was measured with decontamination experimental machine. Effect of inorganic salts on detergency was studied. It was indicated that detergency value of the surfactants was increased by 29.11% - 121.26% by sodium tripolyphosphate, and detergency value of LAS was increased by 128.25% by tri-sodium phosphate. Reinforcing effect of water softener, such as sodium tripolyphosphate, δ-crystalline layered sodium disilicate, and 4A zeolite, on detergency was the best, and that of basic promoter, such as sodium carbonate and sodium silicate took the second place. It was not appropriate for sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium tetraborate decahydrate to be used as detergent builder.