玻恩对量子力学的实际贡献初探

The actual contribution of Born to quantum mechanics

玻恩和海森伯在矩阵力学创建过程中的各自贡献,在许多相关物理学史著述中已有"定论",即基本上都认为海森伯是矩阵力学的创立者,而玻恩只是伯乐,仅在数学方面对矩阵力学的建立有一定具体贡献.然而据我们所得到的大量文献却无可辩驳地说明,事实并非如此.经过多年探索,玻恩的哥廷根学派做好了建立量子力学的从数学到思想的所有必要的前期准备工作,海森伯取得的突破只是这些准备下的必然的延拓.本文除必要的分析外,尽量更多依靠引用足够的权威文献来得出可靠结论,相信这样更有说服力,更易于改变人们的成见.

There are certain ＂verdict＂ on the contributions of Born and Heisenberg to the process of creating matrix mechanics in many related writings about the history of physics. The basic idea is that Heisenberg was the founder of matrix mechanics, and Born was only a ＂BoLe＂ who was a good judge of Heisenberg＇s talent, just had some specific mathematical contributions to the establishment of matrix mechanics. But, lots of documents irrefutably show that the fact is not true. After research work for many years, the Gottingen school led by Born had done all the necessary preparatory works for the establishment of quantum mechanics from mathematical tool to mode of thinking. The breakthrough by Heisenberg was a natural extension of these preparations. In this paper, besides necessary analysis, the author puts emphasis on.reliable conclusions from authoritative literatures. The author believes that this style of presentation would be more convincing and should change people＇s prejudices more easily.