海南省琼中地区家畜体表寄生蜱的调查分析

Investigation of the ticks parasitized on the domestic animals in Qiongzhong area of Hainan provice

目的了解家畜体表寄生蜱物种多样性及群落结构特点,并分析其与疾病的关系。方法采用逆毛式检蜱法,定义家畜体表寄生蜱为一个群落,运用生态学中相对优势度(组成比率)、优势指数、多样性指数和均匀度等方法进行测定。结果从放养的5群东山羊(20头)、4群黄牛(10头)和水牛(5头)中共检获蜱2614只,分属4个种属(血红扇头蜱、微小牛蜱、粒形硬蜱和钝刺血蜱),前两者为优势种;其中东山羊的优势度指数、多样性指数和均匀度等均高于黄牛和水牛。结论海南琼中地区家畜体表寄生蜱有4种,优势种为血红扇头蜱和微小牛蜱;其中东山羊的群落结构最丰富。应警惕斑点热群立克次体自然疫源性疾病的流行。

Objective To investigate the community structure and species diversity of ticks parasitized on the domestic animals （goats, cattle and buffaloes） in Qiongzhong area of Hainan provice, and analyze the relationship of them and the diseases. Methods Ticks specimens were collected from the body surface of every domestic animals during April to October 1997 and 1998. Every tick was finally identified into species by microscope. All the ticks parasitized on the domestic animals were defined as one community unit. Richness （ S ）, Shannon-Wiener＇ s, diversity index （ H′ ）, evenness （J′） and dominance index（C′） were adopted to measure the community structure of ticks. Results 2614 ticks were collected from the body surface of 35 domestic animals （20 goates, 10 cattle and 5 buffaloes）. All the ticks were identified as 4 species which belonged to 4 genera of 4 families. Of 4 ticks species, 2 main ticks species （Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Boophihus microplus） accounted for 51.57% and 45.22% of the total specimens, respectively, which were the dominant species. The C′, H′ and J′ of goats were all higher than that of cattle and buffaloes. Conclusion There were 4 species of ticks that parasitized on domestic animals in Qiongzhong area of Hainan provice. R. sanguineus and B. microplus were dominant species. This investigation showed that the community structure of ticks species parasitized on goats were the most abundant.