2006年黑龙江省肾综合征出血热监测研究

Surveillance of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Heilongjiang province in 2006

目的掌握黑龙江省肾综合征出血热(HFRS)人间和动物间流行特征,为制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法收集全省HFRS疫情资料,并在固定监测点及面上常规调查中采集人血清、鼠肺和鼠血做汉坦病毒(HV)抗体和抗原检测。结果2006年黑龙江省共报告HFRS病例3870例,死亡33例,年平均发病率10.13/10万,死亡率为0.09/10万,病死率为0.85%,与2005年相比,病例数下降7.68%,主要发病地区为佳木斯、双鸭山、牡丹江、黑河和鸡西市。在固定监测点捕获小兽10种2554只,采集鼠肺、鼠血各2461份,患者或疑似患者血清598份,健康人血清527份,其中小兽密度为11.19%,野外和村内优势鼠种分别为黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠,患者血清抗体阳性率为63.88%,健康人群隐性感染率较低;鼠带病毒率为7.68%,鼠血清抗体阳性率为10.73%。结论进一步证实黑龙江省是以姬鼠型为主的混合型疫区,人间疫情有下降趋势,但小兽密度和鼠带病毒率仍然较高,需要进一步加强监测和防治,尤其应扩大易感人群的免疫接种范围。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristic of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome （HFRS） in human and animals in Heilongjiang province, and to guide the disease prevention and control. Methods The surveillance data of HFRS in Heilongjiang province in 2006 was collected and analyzed. At the same time the human sera, the rodent lung tissues and sera in the surveillance areas were sampled to detect the antigen and antibody of hantavirus （HV）. Results 3870 cases had been reported in Heilongjiang province in 2006, of which, 33 cases died. The annual mean morbidity, death rate and case fatality was 10.13/100 000, 0.09/100 000 and 0.85 % respectively. The case number declined 7.68% in 2006 in comparison with that in 2005. The main attacked areas of HFRS were Jiamusi city, Shuangyashan city, Heihe city and Jixi city. The 10 species of 2554 rodents were caught, and the 2461 rodent lung tissues, 2461 rodent sera, 598 patient sera and 527 healthy people sera were collected. The further study indicated that the density of rodents was 11.19 %, Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus agrarius was the dominant species in human living areas and in fields respectively. The serum positive rate of patients was 63.88 %, and the HV recessive infection rate of healthy people was low. The HV carrying rate of rodents was 7.68 %, and the antibody positive rate of rodent blood was 10.73 %. Conclusion Heilongjiang province belonged to typemixed HFRS epidemic area where Apodemus species was dominant. Although the epidemic situation of HFRS declined, the density and the HV carrying rate of rodents were still severe, so the surveillance of the epidemic should be reinforced, especially preventive inoculation should be strengthened.