“话语民主”语境下的草根民主——从毛泽东的底层民主到网络的民主实践

Grass-roots Democracy in the Context of "Democratic Discourse":from MAO Ze-dong's Bottom Democracy to the Democratic Practice in Network

毛泽东在20世纪20年代就明确提出了农民的"话事权"理论,不仅包括话语权,还包括办事权。建国以后,毛泽东又借助"大字报"的形式将其"话事权"理论付诸实践。毛泽东底层民主的实践旨趣与哈贝马斯"话语民主"的理论旨趣隐隐呼应。哈贝马斯提出了现代多元化社会中的人们在公共领域进行交流、沟通的商议民主理论,以唤起越来越多的底层民众投入到公共议题的商议中来。网络民主实践与"大字报"有类似之处,在实践中,根据哈贝马斯的理论,网络既是草根民主的新载体,也是滋生网络暴力的温床。

In the 1920s, MAO Ze-dong clearly put forward the ＂say＂ theory of farmers which not only includes the right to voice, but also the right to work. After the founding, MAC） Ze-dong put the ＂say＂ theory into practice through the form of ＂big-character poster＂. The practical interest of MAO Ze-dong＇s bottom democracy echoed to the theoretical interest of Habermas＇s theory of ＂democratic discourse＂. Habermas put forward the theory of democratic deliberation exchanging and communicating in the public domain in a modern pluralistic society in order to arouse more and more people in the bottom into the deliberations of public issues. The democratic practice in network has some similarities with the ＂big-character poster＂. In practice, according to Habermas＇s theory, the network is not only a new carrier of grass-roots democracy, but soil to breed network violence.