叶蜂总科昆虫生物地理研究II叶蜂总科广布属的地理分布特性(膜翅目)

STUDIES ON THE BIOGEOGRAPHY OF TENTHREDINOIDEA (HYMENOPTERA) III. THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERA ENDEMIC TO EACH ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REALM

本文系统分析了叶蜂总科广布属的地理分布特性。叶蜂总科广布属被分为１２个主要的分布类型，其中全北界分布型６９属，可再分为６种次类型。在各分布型下列举了全部具有该类分布特征的叶蜂总科属名，并提出了一些有关起源与扩散的设想和推论。在广布型属的地理分布研究基础上，对各大生物地理界之间的关系也提出了一些看法。

The phenomena of endemism in generic level, the distribution and the relationships between the endemic genera are systematically analyzed with some hypotheses and inferences on the origination and migration of the genera. The distribution pattern of the endemism of Tenthredinoidea is as the following: the main and largest distribution and differentiation centre of the endemism are in the south of eastern Asia with 4 smaller ones, central area of Africa, the northwestern part of South America, the west mountainous region of North America and the Mediterranean Region. Each of the small and secondary centre is rather closely connected with the main centre. The origination centre may be in or near the central south part of Eastern Asia. There are only a few genera of Tenthredinoidea in Neotropical Region and Africa Region but most of them are endemic to those regions. The sawfly faunas of the regions are highly isolated comparing with those of the Nearctic and West Palaearctic Regions, where there are many sawfly genera but with only a few endemic ones. The fauna of Tenthredinoidea in the Oriental, which is clearly the result of the attenuation of the fauna of the Eastern Asia, is very poor and with few endemic component. The Australian Region are at the margin of the fauna of Tenthredinoidea and with few sawflies.