我国新极端最高气温的考察研究

A Study on New Extreme Maximum Air Temperature in China

根据在吐鲁番盆地组织的对比观测,得出了我国两个极端最高气温新极值,和吐鲁番盆地底部3个与最高气温有关的结论。两个新极值是,2008年8月3日艾丁湖底出现了我国最新的极端最高气温纪录:49.7℃;艾丁湖底历史上还曾出现过51℃左右的更高记录。三点结论是,(1)艾丁湖底夏季气温日较差可高达24℃左右,比我国东部地区大得多;(2)吐鲁番盆地底部最高气温的垂直温差梯度1.7～1.9℃/100m,比东部地区夏季月平均最高气温梯度0.7～0.8℃/100m要大得多;(3)吐鲁番盆地底部日最高气温出现时间(地方时16—17时)比东部地区(地方时14—15时)要晚1～2小时。

Based on the air temperature contrast observations between Aiding lake bottom and other 3 stations in Tulufan Basin, two new extreme values and three conclusions are obtained. The two new extreme values are that（1）. 49.7℃, new extreme maximum air temperature record in China appeared in Aiding lake bottom on 3, August of 2008. （2）According to the temperature difference between Aiding lake bottom and Tulufan station, an extreme air temperature of 51℃ took place in Aiding lake bottom in 1951. The three conclusions are that （1） the daily temperature range of 24℃ in Tulufan Basin is much larger than that in the east mountain region of low height above sea level; （2） the maximum temperature lapse rate in Tulufan Basin bottom of 1.7 - 1.9℃/100m is much larger than that in the east mountain （0.7 - 0.8℃/100m） ; （3） the appearance time of daily maximum temperature in Aiding lake bottom, 16- 17 o＇ clock of local time, is 2 hours later than that in the east region （local time 14 - 15 o＇ clock）.