陕西西安出土西周时期人下颌骨形态学研究

The morphological study on human mandible excavated from Xi'an,Shaanxi province in Xizhou dynasty

目的:了解西周时期人的下颌骨形态学特征,探讨在人类进化过程中下颌骨的演变趋势。方法:选取保存完整的陕西西安长安区少陵原西周墓地发掘的西周时期(距今约3000年前)人下颌骨标本共56例,男性24例,女性32例,年龄为20～60岁。采用数显游标卡尺及0～360°游标万能角度尺对下颌骨进行测量,并对下颌骨表面各标志性结构进行观测和分析。测量结果用SPSS13.0进行统计分析。结果:西周时期人下颌骨的各项测量数据中,除下颌角外,均为男性大于女性;下颌角间宽、髁突外极间距、喙突高、下颌支宽、喙突间宽均较现代人大。结论:为人类体质学及系统的研究人下颌骨形态学的演化积累数据资料。

Objective： To find out the characteristics of mandible of the people in Xizhou dynasty about 3000 years ago through the observation and measurement of mandible sample excavated from Xi＇an, Shaanxi province. Methods： There were 56 well-preserved samples including 24 men＇s mandible and 32 women＇s mandible, whose age ranged from 20 to 60. The adults＇mandible in Xizhou dynasty about 3000 years ago, which were preserved in the Shaanxi archaeo- logical institute were measured by 0 - 360°omnipotent angle ruler and digital vernial caliper. Data obtained were analyzed with SPSS 13.0. Results： All measurements were larger in men than those in women except mandibular angle. Bigonial breadth, bicondylar breadth, bicoracoid breadth, breadth of the mandibular ramus and the height of coracoid process are much larger than the measurements of modern people. Conclusion：The results have provided data for human mandibular evolution and anthropology.