试论汉代伦理制衡的制度依托和话语形式

On the Base of Ethical Check and Balance System and the Discourse form in the Han Dynasty

伦理制衡是指运用儒家伦理原则来约束、规范皇权的制衡方式,是汉代伦理政治形态的基本机制。在汉代政治体制下,伦理制衡的制度依托主要有君主教育制度、廷议制和上书言事制等,是为制衡实现的外部条件。汉儒将传统君道、治道学说与社会思潮结合起来,借助于天道灾异、圣王之道、《五经》之论等话语形式,抒发政治规谏和伦理批评,是为伦理制衡的理论依据。两汉时期的伦理制衡,对君主政治良性运作起到了重要的约束和导向作用。

The system of ethical check and balance refers to the use of Confucian ethical principles of imperial power to restrain a way of check and balance. The Han Dynasty is the political ethics of the two basic forms of the mechanism. Under the political system in the Han Dynasty, ethics relies on a system of check and balance, monarchy education, ting yi and letters made by the system, and the other things. Ministers of the Han Dynasty help zai yi, the road to the holy king and ＂the Five Classics＂ in the form of words as the regulatory advice to express political and criticism. The healthy function of political monarchy has also played an important role in guiding and limitation.