西汉楚王陵墓制度研究

On the Tomb System of Emperor Chu in Western Han Dynasty

西汉时期分封于彭城的楚王在陵墓制度上既有继承又有创新,形成鲜明的时代风格和地域特点,并对后世产生了深远的影响。首先,西汉楚国王陵选址和布局方式深受帝陵影响,虽然整体布局缺乏规划,但每一座单体的陵墓所处空间环境都是经过精心选址规划,并且风水意识已经渗透其间;其次,西汉楚王结合徐州地区周围多山的特点,模仿地面建筑的结构布局,在山体内部营造墓室,创新出"因山为陵"的崖洞墓葬制;再次,陵墓内随葬器物形制复杂,数量众多,尤其盛行"以玉敛葬",构成了鲜明的地域特色;最后,楚王陵园规模庞大,园内设施众多,所包涵内容与帝陵大致相同,但随着时代发展而不断变化,在陵园制度上呈现出因地制宜的灵活特点。

Emperors Chu of Pengcheng in Western Han Dynasty have not only inherited the traditional Chinese tomb system, but also made some innovations on it. Their tombs have embodied distinct style and regional characteristics of the time and have exerted great influence on the later times. Firstly, the location and arrangement of Emperors Chu＇s tombs are deeply affected by the royal tombs in China. The overall arrangment is not very well designed, yet the spatial environment for each single tomb is elaborately chosen and planned. Secondly, Emperor Chu modeled their tombs on the structural arrangement of the buildings on earth in Xuzhou district, and constructed their tombs inside mountains, creatively establishing ＂ cliff cave＂ tomb system. Thirdly, there are great number of different kinds of burial articles inside the tombs, most of which were of jade objects, displaying distinctive regional features. Lastly, the large - scale graveyard of the tombs was built with many kinds of facilities inside, almost running neck to neck with those of the royal tombs. The tomb system of Emperors Chu in Western Han Dynasty shows their flexibility according to individual local conditions.