簇毛麦(Dasypyrumvillosum)矮秆突变体的鉴定

Characterization of a Dwarf Mutant in Dasypyrum villosum

为给簇毛麦杂交后代群体中自然突变产生的矮秆突变体在小麦遗传改良中合理有效的利用提供理论依据,对该矮秆突变体的生物学及遗传学特性进行了初步研究。该突变体在苗期与对照植株无明显差异,在成熟期突变体株高30 cm,约为对照株高的1/3。突变株茎的倒一、二节间(最上部的两个茎节)长度分别为对照植株长度的1/9和1/6。细胞学观察表明,突变体的茎节细胞纵向延长受到抑制。此外,该突变株还表现出部分雄性不育,自然结实率低。花粉活力检测发现,突变株可育花粉只有20%,在外施GA3后花粉育性可得到恢复,推测该突变体为赤霉素敏感型矮秆突变体。遗传分析表明,矮秆突变性状受一个隐性基因控制。

The physiological phenotype of a Dasypyrum villosurn dwarf mutant is characterized. At the harvest stage, the height of mutant plant is 30 cm, only 1/3 of the control plants . The dwarfism stature of this mutant can attributed to the shortened internodes caused by the inhibition of cell elongation. The dwarf mutant also shows partly male sterile. Pollen viability test indicates that more than 80% of the pollen of the mutant is not viable. Exogenously supplied GA3 could considerably restore the pollen viability to the normal level, which indicated that this mutant maybe a GA-sensitive mutant. The inheritance of the dwarf mutant is studied indicated that the dwarfism is controlled by recessive allele.