高产优质小麦新品种西农979叶面积、叶绿素含量及干物质积累的特点

Leaf Area,Chlorophyll and Dry Matter Accumulation of Wheat Xinong 979

为了解小麦新品种西农979的叶片功能、干物质积累及运转等特点,为其优质高产高效标准化栽培提供依据,选用西农979及大穗品系西农9814为试验材料,以小偃22为对照,对其不同生长发育时期叶面积、叶绿素含量及干物质的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,在抽穗期,西农979最大单茎叶面积为72.78cm2,对照小偃22最大单茎叶面积为101.69 cm2;西农979叶片衰老较快,在5月25日几乎没有绿叶面积,而对照小偃22绿叶延迟至6月1日;西农979旗叶叶绿素含量也比对照小偃22低,但西农979单茎干物质积累和对照小偃22相当;在灌浆成熟期,西农979单粒重显著高于对照,成熟后西农979比对照增产7.4%。由此说明西农979叶片光合速率高,开花后光合产物向籽粒中运转快。后期光合时间短是西农979生产上存在的主要问题,可在扬花期采取叶面喷肥来延缓叶片衰老,维持后期叶片光合功能,扩大花后干物质积累量。

In order to study Xinong 979＇s leaf function, dry matter accumulation and the transportation for providing the scientific basis of standardized cultivation of high effective, high yield and good quality. Xinong 979 and Xinong 9814 were used as experimental materials, and Xiaoyan 22 as the control to study the rules of leaf area, chlorphyll content and dry matter accumulation at the different growth stage. Result showed the heading date is a turning point at which the single stem leaf area changed from high to low. The biggest single stem leaf area of Xinong 979 is 72.78 cm^2 , Xiaoyan 22 is 101.69 cm^2. Xinong 979＇leaf life is shorter than Xiaoyan 22. Meanwhile, the chlorophyll content of XiNong 979 is lower than that of Xiaoyan 22, the dry matter accumulation is the same as Xiaoyan 22, but from filling to maturity, the accumulation of single grain weight of Xinong 979 is clearly higher than that of Xiaoyan 22, the yield of Xinong 979 was increased 7.4% than Xiaoyan 22. Those findings showed that Xinong 979＇s leaf photosynthetic rate is high, Photosynthesis product transport more quickly after anthesis. The short Photosynthesis time is main limit factor of Xinong 979. In practices, spraying fertilizer on the leaf surface at flowing time is an important way to postpone leaf scnences, maintain leaves Photosynthesis and increase dry matter accumulation after anthesis. In addition, this paper also discussed the breeding method of big ear varieties.