儒道并行而不相悖——论陶渊明的精神世界

Confucianism and Taoism in Parallel and Uncontradict——Comments on Yuanming Tao's Mental World

东晋田园诗人陶渊明被称为"隐逸诗人之宗",中国古代文人之中,就求得心灵的平静来说,他的境界是最高的。陶渊明的精神世界主要有两个方面:(一)他一生得力处和用力处都在儒学,有"大济于苍生"的理想,但生逢乱世无奈何归隐田园、皈依自然。(二)他受魏晋玄学的影响很大但是不拘于枯奥的玄理,而更接近怡情自然,应属于魏晋玄学思想中"别出"一派。陶渊明的寄情山水田园,虽是假借道、释之酒杯,浇己胸中之块垒,但是他在出世与入世的冲突中不断调和,最终达到了和谐自由的境界。所以他能够怀着生命的尊重和对于死亡的豁达,"纵浪大化中,不喜亦不惧",畅游在更广阔的天地之中。

Yuanming Tao is called ＂ancestor of poets who hides leisurely in nature＂ in the history of Chinese literature. He showed himself calm in a disorderly situation, and consequently obtained the nice feelings. His state of Spirit was highest among all the ancient writers. The pillars that support the mental world of Yuanming Tao include： Firstly, he was a sincerely follower of Confucianism, his political ideals of＂shaping a fuller and more meaningful life for all＂ was defeated by the society. In view of his attempts proved predictably futile, he hid himself in rural area. Secondly, Yuanming Tao indulged in the countryside and absorbed the distillate of the special clique metaphysics freely. As a result, he could deal with the puzzles of life transcendentally and made a harmonious state of mind. ＂Cool as a cucumber, like a duck to water, no happy and no fears＂. Yuanming Tao enjoyed a sightseeing tour in a broader world.