喷杆喷雾雾量的分布均匀性

Spray distribution uniformity of boom spraying

针对喷杆喷雾雾量分布不均的问题，采用数值计算与试验结合，分析了喷杆高度、喷头安装倾角、喷头间距、喷杆水平转动角度及喷杆的垂直和水平振动对雾量分布变异系数的影响，以指导改进喷雾机喷杆设计，改善喷杆喷雾分布均匀性，提高农药利用率．研究发现：增加喷杆的工作高度和喷头间距，可以有效地减小喷杆雾量分布的变异系数；喷头安装倾角在其变化范围内（5°～15°）对水平喷杆雾量分布状态的变异系数影响很小；喷杆的水平转动角度在顺时针变化范围内对雾量分布的变异系数影响逐步加大，但总的变动范围较小；在相同情况下，喷杆的水平振动对喷杆雾量分布均匀度的影响要比竖直振动影响大得多；增加喷头数、减小喷头间距或增加喷杆的工作高度，可以有效降低竖直振动对喷杆雾量分布均匀度的影响，但对降低水平振动对喷杆雾量分布均匀度的影响很小．

In order to improve the uniformity of spray distribution and the design of boom spraying, the effects of boom height, nozzle installing angle, distance between nozzles, rotating angles of the boom, vertical and horizontal vibrations of the boom on the variation coefficient of spray distribution are studied through numerical analysis and experiments. The study shows that the variation coefficient of spray distribution can be decreased by increasing the boom height and distance between nozzles. The nozzle installing angles within appropriate range （5° -15°） have little influence on the coefficient of variation, and the variation range of variation coefficient is small while it increases with the rotating angles of the boom in level. Horizontal vibration of the boom has much more influence than the vertical vibration does under the same condition. Increasing the number of nozzles, reducing the distance between nozzles, or increasing the height of the boom can decrease the influence of vertical vibration on the spray distribution significantly, but can not reduce the influence of horizontal vibration.