长沙地区婴幼儿A群轮状病毒腹泻的流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of infants acute diarrhea caused by cluster A rotavirus in Changsha

目的了解长沙市婴幼儿急性腹泻病例中A群轮状病毒(RV)感染的特点。方法收集某省儿童医院2006年5月—2007年4月间1724例<5岁腹泻患儿的粪便标本,采用标记金的A群RV单克隆抗体,以免疫层析双抗体夹心法检测标本中的A群RV抗原。分析阳性患儿流行病学资料。结果1724份腹泻患儿粪便标本中,RV抗原检测阳性342份,阳性率19.84%。2006年5—6月RV抗原检测阳性率为9.21%,而11—12月及2007年1—2月其阳性率分别达36.61%、24.37%,后两者与其他月份阳性率比较,差异有显著性(χ2=107.18,P<0.001)。不同年龄段患儿RV感染率以6个月～1岁、～1.5岁、～2岁年龄段较高,分别为26.57%、31.48%和29.55%,6个月～2岁年龄段与其他年龄段的RV抗原检出率比较,差异有显著性(χ2=79.30,P<0.001)。男性RV感染率为16.27%,女性为23.94%,前者显著低于后者(χ2=15.87,P<0.005)。结论长沙地区RV感染高峰期在11月至次年2月,患儿年龄为6个月～2岁。对婴幼儿腹泻应尽早做RV检测,以及时发现病原体,合理治疗,避免滥用抗菌药物,防止传播。

Objective To study the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of infants acute diarrhea caused by cluster A rotavirus（RV） in changsha. Methods Stool samples from infants with diarrhea in a hospital from May 2006 to April 2007 were detected by technique of colloidal gold and immunochromatography double antigen sandwich assay. Epidemiological data of infants were analyzed. Results Among 1724 detected stool samples, 342 （19. 84%） cases were positive RV antigen, the positive rate of RV antigen from May to June in the year of 2006 was 9. 21%, while from November to December in 2006 and January to February in 2007 was 36. 61% and 24. 37% respectively, there were significant differences in the positive rates of RV antigen between the latter two periods and the other months （X^2 = 107. 18, P〈0. 001）; The most susceptible age of the infection was 6 months ～ 1 years old, ～1.5 and ～2 years old, the positive rate was 26. 57%, 31.48% and 29. 55% respectively, there were significant differences in the positive rates of RV antigen between infants at age of 6 months ～2 years old and the other age groups （X^2 = 79. 30, P〈0. 001） ; RV infection rate in male and female was 16. 27% and 23. 94% respectively, the former was obviously lower than the latter （X^2 = 15.87, P〈0. 005）. Conclusion The incidence peak of RV infection is from November to February of the next year, the susceptible age is 6 months to 2 years old. Infants with diarrhea should be detected RV antigen as soon as possible and given rational treatment, so as to prevent transmission.