脑出血患者医院感染的特征及相关因素分析

Characteristic and Relative Factors of Nosocomial Infection in Patients with Cerebral Hemorrhage

目的探讨脑出血患者中发生医院感染的特征和相关因素,以便为预防控制医院感染提供资料和参考依据。方法对2005年1月-2007年12月,住院时间>48h的417例脑出血患者进行医院感染相关因素分析。结果脑出血患者发生医院感染72例,感染发生率17.3%,多发生在住院2周内,以下呼吸道感染最多(45.8%),其次为泌尿道感染(26.4%),病原学检查主要为条件致病菌;年龄、出血部位、昏迷、住院天数、侵袭性操作、抗生素预防性应用、血糖等因素与医院感染的发生差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脑出血患者医院感染发生率高,应针对相关因素采取有效措施,减少医院感染的发生,改善患者预后,促进患者早日康复。

Objective To explore the characteristic and the relative factors of nosocomial infection in patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Methods A total of 417 inpatients with cerebral hemorrhage that had been hospitalized over 48 hours in our hospital from Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. Results 72 cases of nosocomial infection were found in all 417 inpatients with cerebral hemorrhage. The infection rates were 17.3%. Nosocomial infection mostly took place within the first 2 weeks after patients hospitalized, in which the lower respiratory tract infection occupied first place （45.8%）, next came the urinary tract infections（ 26.4% ）. Pathogenic bacteria were mostly the conditional ones. Nosocomial infection was closely related to factors such as age, location of cerebral hematoma, disturbance of consciousness, hospital-staying-day, Invasive operation, antibiotic prophylaxis, and blood sugar（ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions Nosoeomial infection is still frequent complication in patients with cerebral hemorrhage. The effective measures should be adopted urgently according to the related factors.