珠江口浅水域小型虾拖网渔获组成分析

Analysis of the catch composition of small shrimp-beam-trawl net in shallow waters of Pearl River Estuary,China

拖虾是广东省沿海捕捞渔业的主要作业方式之一。为了查明小型虾拖网的渔获组成及其对渔业资源的影响,2006年10～11月对在珠江口浅水域进行捕虾作业的虾罟网渔船进行了海上渔获组成抽样调查。研究结果表明,珠江口浅水域虾罟网的渔获种类多、组成复杂,幼鱼和副渔获的比例高;主要渔获种类是周氏新对虾Metapenaeus joyneri(18.57%)、矛形梭子蟹Portunus hastatoides(15.48%)、脊尾白虾Exopalaemon carinicauda(11.50%)和斑节对虾Penaeus monodon(11.16%),刀额新对虾Metapenaeus ensis、脊尾白虾、白姑鱼Argyrosomus argentatus、海鳗Muraenesocidae和银鲳Pampus argenteus渔获100%为幼鱼,凤鲚Coilia mystus和棘头梅童鱼Collichthys lucidus幼鱼比例分别高达87.65%和96.15%;周氏新对虾、脊尾白虾、斑节对虾为主捕对象,鱼类和蟹类是主要的副渔获种类;虾罟网捕捞对渔业资源造成一定程度的破坏。

Shrimp trawling is a main fishing method of shrimp fishery along Guangdong coastal sea of China. We carried out, from October to November 2006, a survey of the catch composition of small shrimp-beam-trawler fishing in the shallow waters of the Pearl River Estuary, China, in order to identify the composition of the catches and the impact of the trawling on fisheries resources. Results showed that the catch was diverse in species and complex in composition, with high percentage of juvenile and by-catch. Main species caught were Metapenaeus joyneri （ 18.57% ） , Portunus hastatoides （ 15.48% ） , Exopalaemon carinicauda （ 11.50% ） and Penaeus monodon （11.16%）, shrimp （ M. ensis, E. carinicauda） and fish （ Argyrosomus argentatus, Muraenesocidae, Pampus argenteus） were 100% juvenile in catches, with percentage of juvenile for Coilia mystus and Collichthys lucidus up to 87.65% and 96. 15% , respectively. The targeting species were shrimps （M. joyneri, E. carinicauda, and P. monodon）. Non-target catches were mostly fishes and crabs. This study suggested that the trawling method is supposed to be harmful to fishery resources.