世界对虾生产及其贸易特征分析

World production and trade characteristics of shrimp

文章利用统计数据分析了近20年来世界对虾生产和贸易的主要特征。结果表明,随着对虾养殖业的迅猛发展,世界对虾生产出现了从捕捞到养殖的巨大变化,对虾贸易规模也呈现稳步增长的态势;对虾贸易具有典型的由发展中国家流向发达国家的特点,2006年从发展中国家向发达国家的对虾净出口额不低于98.7亿美元;出口商品结构以冷冻虾为主,制作保藏虾的比例稳步上升;对虾进口主要集中在欧盟、美国、日本3大市场,而对虾出口以东南亚和美洲国家为主,但出口国间的竞争优势差异较大,中国对虾出口竞争力较其它东南亚主要出口国明显要弱。

The paper analyzed the major characteristics of world shrimp production and trade for recently 20 years using the latest statistical data. The results showed that along with the rapid development of shrimp farming, there has occurred a big change for the shrimp production shifted from fishing to farming, and the world shrimp trade volume has presented a steady growth trend. A typical feature for the shrimp trade was shifting from developed countries to developing nations. No less than 9.87 billion U.S. dollars was reached for net exports of shrimp from developing to developed nations in 2006. The export commodity was mainly frozen shrimp, but steady increase was seen in the proportion of shrimp prepared or preserved. Shrimp imports mainly concentrated in three major markets ： the EU, the United States and Japan, and shrimp exports mainly in Southeast Asia and American countries. However, there was a significant difference for competitive advantage among the exporting countries, the competitiveness of Chinese shrimp exports was significantly weaker than other major export countries in Southeast Asia.