优势菌的筛选及其强化活性污泥好氧反硝化的研究

Isolation of dominant bacterial and intensification of aerobic denitrification of activated sludge

利用含活性污泥提取物的贫培养基筛选SBR系统中的好氧异养优势菌。结合自然温度（15～20℃）、延长培养时间等条件来提高菌群的可培养性。从SBR活性污泥系统中分离出5种细菌。4株去除COD优势菌，1株异养硝化细菌，能在好氧条件下实现对总氮的去除。反应池底采用边缘对称曝气，反应池内细菌在时间顺序和空间位置上循环经历好氧过程及微氧过程。将PVA铝盐法固定的细菌对反应器进行生物强化。结果显示，在好氧工艺的条件下，投加优势菌群后，与未加优势菌群的反应器相比，可以显著改善污泥的沉降性能，COD、NH3-N和TN降解率显著提高，分别达到98％、97％和90％。生物强化作用明显，反应器内具有良好的好氧反硝化环境。

Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were cultivated using deficient medium with the activated sludge. Cultivability of bacteria communities were effectively improved under the.conditions of the natural temperature（ 15 - 20 ℃ ） and prolonged cultivation time, Five strains of dominant bacteria were isolated from activated sludge in the SBR process. Four strains are high effective COD-degrading dominant bacteria, and one strain is the heterotrophic nitrifier which could remove total nitrogen when sufficient oxygen exists. Aeration pipes were laid symmetrically in the bottom of a pond. In the pond, aerobic and anaerobic respiration periodically replace each other, both spatially and temporally. Bacteria immobilized by the method of PVA-aluminate were used for enhancing the SBR process. The results showed that the dominant bacteria in the aerobic process could improve the sedimentation capability of sludge. The degradation rates of COD, NH3-N and TN come up to 98% ,97% and 90% respectively. The effect of biological intensification was obvious and the aerobic denitrification was favorable in the reactor.