大肠杆菌噬菌体的分离、纯化及其特性研究

The Separation and Purification of E.coli Bacteriophage and Its Characteristics

探讨了从生活污水中分离、纯化大肠杆菌噬菌体的方法．经富集，从厦门大学、厦门港的生活污水中获得3种噬菌体．一是：蝌蚪状不可收缩尾的噬菌体，其头部为二十面体，直径约110—120nm，尾部长220—230nm，尾宽13—15nm，无尾鞘、基板、尾丁、尾丝等结构．二是蝌蚪状可收缩尾的噬菌体，其头部为三十面体，约70nm×110nm，尾部长约120—130nm，尾宽约18—22nm，有尾鞘、基板、尾丁、尾丝等结构，该类噬菌体在污水中占绝大多数．三是短尾噬菌体，其头部为二十面体，大小为20nm，尾部长约2—3nm，在污水中占有一定的比例．2种噬菌体在-18℃冰箱可存活56天．经噬菌体处理的污水，总菌数下降了30％左右，大肠杆菌总数下降90％以上．

How to separate and purify coliphage from the sewage drained from daily life was discussed. Three kinds of phage from the daily sewage of the Xiamen University and the Xiamen harbor were separated enrichedly. One was a pollywog shape phage, which had a head of icosahedrons with diameter about 110 -120 nm, a un-contractive tail with length about 220 -230 nm and width around 13-15 nm. This phage doesn＇t have the structures of tail sheath, base-tube and tail fibers etc. The second was pollywog-like phage, which had a contractive tail with length about 120 - 130 nm and width about 18-22 nm, and a triacontahedron head with size about 70 nm × 110 nm. It had the structure of tail sheath, tail tube and base-plate. This category was the overwhelming majority of the daily-life sewage. The third is a short-tail phage with an icosahedron head about 20 nm, the length of the taft is only 2-3 nm. This phage covered considerable proportion in the daily-life sewage. The phage obtained from the sewage could live about 56 days in the -18℃ refrigerator. The total number of bacterial in the sewage was reduced about 30% and the E. coli was reduced about 90%.