梭罗自然观的跨文化渊源

The origins of Thoreau's naturism:a cross-cultural perspective

梭罗的具有现代生态伦理意义自然观的形成,得益于他将世界多种文化的优秀成果兼容并蓄。从古希腊与罗马田园文学、中国儒家哲学、欧洲浪漫主义思想和美国建国初期农业共和国理想中,他吸取了自然具有审美情趣和道德力量的观点;从德国唯心主义先验论、爱默生超验主义哲学、印度教义和印第安人万物有灵论中,梭罗接受了自然具有精神价值、人与自然应合二为一的观念。此外,以自然史为代表的美国早期自然文学,赋予他认识自然的生态意识和研究自然的科学方法。

Henry David Thoreau＇s naturism, which conveyed an unprecedented ecological awareness, is attributed to a wealth of literary, philosophical and scientific resources of nature in diverse cultures. Greek and Roman classicism, Chinese Confucianism, European Romanticism and American Republican agrarianism credited him a georgic dimension to his pastoral and ascetic commitments. Emersonian transcendentalism, Hinduism and American Indian pantheism inspired Thoreau, in one way or another, a vigorously healthy and cosmically symbiotic relationship between man and nature. Thoreau＇s immersion in the earlier and contemporary environmental nonfiction technically equipped him with an environmental consciousness of sorts and a scientific vision that would facilitate the formation of his naturism.