模拟生境中胎生蜥蜴的日活动节律和活动时间分配

Diurnal activity rhythm and time budget of Lacerta vivipara in simulated habitat

2007年5—7月,采用瞬时扫描取样法和全事件观察法,对黑龙江省小兴安岭地区模拟生境中胎生蜥蜴(Lacerta vivipara)的日活动时间分配和日活动节律进行研究。结果表明:胎生蜥蜴的日活动内容以休息和晒太阳为主,取食、社会活动和其他活动所占时间较少;与晴天相比,阴天取食和其他活动所占时间显著降低,休息和社会活动所占时间没有显著变化,而晒太阳所占时间显著增加。不同性别、年龄和天气条件下胎生蜥蜴的日活动节律均为双峰型,但各种活动开始和持续的时间、活动高峰出现和持续时间以及峰值方面存在差异,晴天时胎生蜥蜴开始活动的时间早,2次活动高峰的持续时间及间隔时间长,而阴天时胎生蜥蜴的活动时间短且集中,在活动高峰时的个体出现率高;雄性比雌性的活动时间长,出现率高,幼体开始活动的时间比成体晚,出现率低。气温、地表温度和光照因子对胎生蜥蜴日活动节律均有影响,其中光照为控制活动节律的主要因子,当相对光照强度达到40%左右时,胎生蜥蜴开始出来活动,而温度主要影响胎生蜥蜴的活动数量,当达到最适温度(地表温度23℃～32℃,气温21℃～29℃)时出现活动高峰。

By the methods of instantaneous and scan sampling and of all-occurrence recording, the diurnal activity rhythm and time budget of Lacerta vivipara in Xiaoxing＇ an Mountains of Heilongjiang Province were studied from May to July, 2007. The results showed that basking and resting were the main activities of L. vivipara, and the remaining time was devoted to social activities, and others. The duration for feeding, feeding and other activities was shorter, while that for basking was longer in cloudy days than in fine days. Though the daily activity rhythms of male, female, and juvenile L. vivipara under different weather conditions all showed two peaks, there still existed differences in the beginning and and standing standing time of their activities, the appearing time of the activities peaks, and the values of the peaks. In fine days, the beginning time of the activities was earlier, and the duration and interval time were longer; while in cloudy days, the duration for activities was shorter, and the appearance frequency of activities peaks was higher. The males devoted more time to activities and appeared more at activities peaks than the females, while the juveniles began activities later and appeared lesser than the adults. Air temperature, ground temperature, and illumination affected the daily activity rhythm of L. vivipara, and illumination was the most important affecting factor. The lizard began to come out when the relative illumination reached to 40%. Temperature mainly affected the numbers of activities, and the activities peaks occurred when the ground temperature was 23 ℃-32 ℃ and air temperature was 21 ℃-29 ℃.