社区居民委员会与业主委员会的权利结构及其在北京市政策执行中的演化

On the Power Structure of the Neighborhood Committee and the Home Owner Association of Urban Communities and the Development of Beijing’s Policy

在城市社区中,居民委员会和业主委员会是两个非常重要的自治组织,这两个理论上看似相辅相成的自治组织在现实中却关系复杂,复杂关系的背后实际上是政府的政策在左右。本文通过对北京市社区中居民委员会和业主委员会相关政策的研究,特别是对政府政策取向以及相关组织的利益关系的剖析,发现政府厚此薄彼的政策取向以及控制寻租机会是问题的核心,解决问题的关键在于政策设计应以尊重权利为要义,在具体的制度安排上应以控制腐败、防止附加性政策为核心,在具体行政活动中应以依法行政为基本操守,唯其如此才能防止魔鬼隐藏在政策细节中作祟。

The neighborhood committee and home owner association are two very important autonomous organizations of urban communities. Determined by the government＇s policy, there are complicated relationships between the two. By studying Beijing＇s related policies about neighborhood committees and home owner associations, specially its policy choices, this paper points out that the policy choices and the controlling of the opportunities for rent-seeking are the cores of this problem. To tackle this problem, the following measures are essential： respecting the rights of autonomous organizations should be necessary in designing policies; preventing corruption and voluntary policies should be a core of the specific system; and administration by law should be regarded as the basic principle of concrete administration.