作战部队基层官兵心理健康状况分析与干预

Analysis and intervention of psychological health conditions of officers and soldiers at basic levels of armed forces

目的了解某作战部队基层官兵整体及不同群体心理健康状况及心理问题所在,制订相应的心理干预措施,提高军人的心理健康水平。方法采用症状自评量表、焦虑自评量表及抑郁自评量表对某作战部队5个团旅1500名基层官兵做心理测定,获得完整有效资料1309份,与中国军人常模及国内普通常模比较,比较不同地域、不同兵种、不同文化程度和不同年龄之间官兵的心理健康状况。采取心理专家讲座、放松训练等干预措施后,比较干预前后的心理健康状况。结果作战部队基层官兵心理问题总体与国内军人男性常模比较,躯体化、焦虑、抑郁因子都高于国内军人男性常模(P<0.05),与国内普通男性常模比较,躯体化、焦虑、抑郁因子亦偏高(P<0.01),其中强迫因子略偏高(P<0.05)。焦虑阳性率19.79%,抑郁阳性率60.66%,且不同地域团旅官兵之间有差异,其中偏远艰苦地区阳性率高;不同兵种阳性率有差异,兵种以装甲兵阳性率最明显,其次是炮兵,再次是步兵,与年龄、文化程度差异不明显。经心理干预后,心理问题减轻,焦虑和抑郁的发生率降低(P<0.05)。结论某作战部队基层官兵总体健康水平尚好,焦虑、抑郁情绪及躯体症状明显,偏僻、艰苦地域及压力大的兵种尤为明显,应及时予以心理干预及治疗,提高军人的心理健康水平。

Objective To investigate the psychological health conditions and psychological troubles in officers and soldiers at basic levels of a certain armed force so that corresponding psychological intervention measures can be taken and their psychological health conditions can be improved. Methods Self-rating sickness scale, self-rating anxious scale and self-rating depressive scale were used for psychological determination in 1500 officers and soldiers at basic levels from 5 groups of a certain armed force. 1 309 copies of effective integrity materials were obtained and compared with the norms of Chinese army men and normal Chinese, and compared among different regions, arm of the service, knowledge, and ages. Interventions of psychological expert lectures and relaxing training were taken, and the psychological health conditions before and after interventions were compared. Results When compared with the norms of the male Chinese army men, the somatization, anxious and depressive factors of officers and soldiers at basic levels were higher （P 〈0.05）, the same was true when compared with the norms of normal male Chinese （P 〈0.01）, and the force factor was a little bit higher （P 〈0.05）. The positive rates of anxiety and depression were 19.79% and 60.66% respectively, and there were significant differences between different regions as well as the arm of the service. After psychological interventions, the incidence rates of psychological anxiety and depression were decreased （P 〈0.05）. Conclusion The psychological health conditions in officers and soldiers at basic levels of a certain armed force were good as a whole, but their anxiety and depression were obvious. Psychological interventions should be taken promptly to improve the conditions of psychological health of the army men.