从教谕文献看古代埃及伦理教育的传统内容

The Emphases of Ehthic Education from Teaching Text

教谕文献是阐释作为伦理思想核心内容的"玛阿特"(正义)观念的最基本、最重要的文献。其中所涉及的传统伦理教化内容主要包括三个方面,即关于言行的教导、关于身心的教导以及关于品性的教导。贯穿这几方面教导的共同原则都是以自控、约束和沉默为特征的,古代埃及人的这种内敛的性格在教谕文献中体现得特别明显。通过对教谕文献中的伦理教育侧重点的探讨,我们可以更为深刻而精确地了解古代埃及人的伦理道德准则以及社会价值取向。

The teaching text（sb3yt） ,mainly existing from the Old Kingdom to the Roman Period,is the most important literature that elucidates the Maat ideal, which is the core of ancient egyptian ethics. We can see that ancient egyptian has a obvious character of modesty. Through the analyse of these important content in ethic education, we can comprehend ancient egyptian ethic rules and society tropism more accurate.