宁夏雷暴天气过程的气候特征

Study on the Climatic Characteristics of the Thunderstorm in Ningxia

利用宁夏20个测站1961—2006年的雷暴观测资料，通过数理统计、线性趋势等方法，对宁夏单次雷暴天气过程进行了分析研究。结果表明：宁夏各地单次雷暴天气过程差异较大，年平均单次雷暴过程的次数呈明显减少的趋势，每10a减少24次；雷暴日平均单次雷暴过程也呈明显减少的趋势，1980年以前为相对偏多期；各地单次雷暴天气过程持续时间多在2h以内，北部平原地区单次雷暴天气过程持续时间短，主要出现在偏W方向，南部山区单次雷暴过程持续时间长，主要出现在偏N方向；通过对500hPa温度场变化分析，宁夏雷暴天气过程的变化主要受大气环流变化的影响。

Using the observational data of thunderstorms over 20 stations in Ningxia during 1961 - 2006, the climatic characteristics of the single thunderstorm in the past 46 years were studied by means of mathematical statistics and the liner tendency. The results showed that the number of the single thunderstorm were different in Ningxia, and the annual average number of the single thunderstorm had a decreasing trend, the numerical value of decreasing times was 24 per decade. The average single thunderstorm in days of thunderstorm occurrence had a decreasing trend, and it was more in 1961 - 1980. The continuing time of the single thunderstorm was less 2 hours, the single thunderstorm was near the West direction in northern plain, and was near the North direction in southern mountain.