环境规制、要素禀赋与我国贸易模式的实证分析

An Empirical Analysis on Environmental Regulation,Factor Endowment and Trade Pattern of China

当今的全球化趋势在导致贸易壁垒不断削减的同时,各国的环境规制却随之不断提升。本文使用世界银行的产业污染排放系统(IPPS)对我国制造业进行细分,运用显示性比较优势指数方法,把环境规制因素和要素禀赋因素同时引入到对贸易模式的分析。结果表明,贸易开放使我国的比较优势得以发挥,这表现为更多地专业化于清洁的劳动密集型产业,因此,即使总的污染排放有所增加,但单位产出的污染排放强度会有所下降。但另一方面,贸易开放使外资的流入增加,而资本累积是影响污染排放强度的主要因素,这必将导致我国的制造业结构更多地转向污染产业。因此,随着我国对外开放程度的加深,污染排放必呈上升态势。针对污染排放增加的原因,有效地利用产业政策和环境政策对实现资源环境的可持续发展是相当重要的。

When the trade barrier reduces during the globalization, the environmental regulation strengthens. The paper uses IPPS data and RCA index to analyze the determining factors of trade pattern. The result is that trade liberalization makes China specialize in clean labor- intensive industry because of the comparative advantage. Hence, with the increase of total emission, the pollution intensity may decrease. The inflow of foreign capital leads more resource to capital intensive industry which have more pollution. Thus, the total emission is rising necessarily. For the policy suggestion, it is important to use environmental policy and industrial policy to realize the sustainable development.