削减和控制二恶英管理政策与技术应用的国际对比分析

Comparative Analysis of Policies and Technical Measures to Reduce and Control Dioxins in an International Context

削减和控制二恶英是履行《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》的一项重要内容。我国是全球二恶英排放较大的国家之一,为了控制该类物质的排放,国家履约行动中将有80%用于减排二恶英。由于国外发达国家在20世纪80年代已经开始关注二恶英的污染,本世纪二恶英排放已经显著的降低。本文分析了发达国家在二恶英治理方面的政策措施,并与我国当前现有措施进行了比较,提出了我国政策制度的不足。其次总结了控制二恶英的主要技术,包括利用最佳可行技术进行削减和控制。分析发达国家利用最佳可行技术的情况及我国技术发展的状况,揭示了双方存在的技术差距。提出了由于上述管理和技术差异而导致发达国家和我国削减和控制二恶英的不同工作侧重点。最后综合指出我国控制二恶英的管理和技术对策及整体框架体系。

In response to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants （POPs）, all the parties need to undertake numerous activities to reduce and eliminate dioxins, which are intentionally manufactured POPs listed in the Convention. China is one of the countries with the large amount of dioxins releases. Over 80 percent of the cost in Convention implementation will be used in the actions to reduce and eliminate dioxins in China. As the developed countries have paid attention to the dioxins problems since the 1980s and have achieved a substantial decrease, the policies and management measures of dioxins in developed countries are analyzed and compared with the management measures used in China. Moreover, the article indicates the techniques used in controlling dioxins, especially the best available techniques, and shows the current technical levels in both developed countries and China. In view of the gap in management and techniques, the differences of strategies and measures to reduce dioxins between developed countries and China are presented. Suggestions for improving the efficiency of dioxins reduction in China are offered, together with a management framework.