辐射高分子材料制备经皮给药骨架型药物载体水凝胶工艺

Study on the preparation of transdermal delivery system with high-molecular materials by radiation chemistry

目的应用辐射化学技术对高分子材料进行辐射交联,制备经皮给药骨架型药物载体——水凝胶。方法应用45万聚居里钴60（60Co）辐射源,在辐射吸收剂量50 kGY条件下,对含不同浓度聚乙烯醇-124（PVA,质量分数为4%～8%）和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP,质量分数为2%～6%）的水凝胶准备液辐射24 h,比较不同配比水凝胶的溶胀率、凝胶含量和拉伸强度等特性,以评价高分子材料辐射制备水凝胶的制备工艺。结果高分子材料准备液经辐射后可交联成质地透明、均匀,含水量极高的水凝胶;水凝胶的溶胀率随处方中PVA的比例减小而增大,凝胶含量则随处方中PVA的比例增加而增大,但二者在考察的配比范围无明显统计学差异（P〉0.05）,而PVA的含量则可显著的影响水凝胶的拉伸强度（P〈0.01）;PVP对水凝胶的各项特性影响不大（P〉0.05）。结论最终认定水凝胶中PVA的含量应不小于8%,PVP含量为质量分数2%的制备工艺,此为进一步制备一系列水凝胶骨架型经皮给药制剂提供了实验基础。

Objective To study the preparation of the hydrogel,a transdermal delivery system,with high molecule materials which were irradiated by radiation cross-linking technology. Methods High molecule materials were irradiated by ^60Co for 24 hours to make the hydrogel. Swelling ratio,gel content and the strength intensity of the hydrogel in two different concentrations of PVA（4% -8% ） and PVP（2% -6% ） were determined. Results With the radiation cross-linking technology, high molecule materials were made into the hydrogel with transparency, equality and high water containing. Moreover,it was also found that the swelling ratio of the hydrogel increased with the reduction of the proportion of PVA in the materials,and which was converse with the change of the gel content. But there were no statistic significance of the two changes（P 〉 0.05 ）. However, the strength intensity was found to be the critical factor for the shaping of the hydrogel（ P 〈0.01 ） ,and no obvious affection to the properties of hydrogel was observed as the changes of the content of PVP（ P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusion The proportion of PVP should be 2%, and the proportion of PVA should not be below 8% as the best formula. Those data provided the experimental bases for further studying and developing series of novel transdermal delivery drug with the hydrogel.