穗肥施量对水稻植株形态、群体生态及穗叶温度的影响

Effect of Panicle Fertilizer Application Rate on Morphological, Ecological Characteristics, and Organ Temperature of Rice

以2个籼、粳稻品种为材料,设置高、中、低3个穗肥处理,以空白为对照,构建不同的群体结构,研究穗肥施量对植株形态和群体生态及穗叶温度的影响。结果表明,穗肥施量对穗长、穗弯曲度、叶长和叶角有明显影响;不同穗肥处理群体内部温度、湿度、光照强度和CO2浓度等微气象因子具有一定差异,中肥处理具有良好的群体微气象环境;此外,中肥处理群体具有适宜的LAI、净光合速率和蒸腾速率,冠层温度较低;施肥水平显著影响植株器官的温度,穗叶的温度随穗肥施量的增加而降低,中肥与高肥处理植株穗叶的温度差异不显著,但与低肥和空白处理差异显著。研究结果说明通过优化田间管理如合理的施肥来构建良好的群体,对降低植株穗叶和冠层温度以提高水稻抗热害能力效果显著。

Using two japonica and indica rice cultivars with three panicle fertilizer application rate treatments and a control, different populations of rice were constructed, and the effect of panicle fertilizer application rate （PFAR） on morphological, ecological characteristics and organ temperature of rice were studied. The results showed that PFAR had a significant effect on length of panicle, panicle camber, length of leaf and leaf angle. It was also observed that air temperature, humidity, light intensity and content of CO2 were also affected by different PFAR treatments, medium PFAR was proved to be best for microclimate within rice population. Besides, there were felicitous leaf area index, length of second leaf, photosynthetic rate, transpiration and lower canopy temperature at medium PFAR. The temperature of plant organs was significantly affected by PFAR, the more the PFAR, the lower the temperature of panicle and leaf. The organ temperature was significantly different at the 0.05 level between medium PFAR and lower PFAR, control treatments, while not significantly between medium PFAR and higher PFAR. This study clearly showed that appropriate agronomic practices, such as PFAR, have a significant effect on the temperature of plant organs and canopy, and also enhance the resistance to heat stress.