急性间质性肺炎

Acute interstitial pneumonia

急性间质性肺炎是一种临床上引起快速呼吸衰竭的间质性肺疾病，可区别于其他慢性间质性肺炎，又称为Hamman-Rich综合征，主要发生在没有肺基础疾病的患者。组织病理学表现为弥漫性肺损伤。急性间质性肺炎的放射学和生理学改变与急性呼吸窘迫综合征相似，并且被认为代表了一小部分特发性急性呼吸窘迫综合征。急性间质性肺炎经常与其他快速进展的间质性肺炎相混淆，特别是继发性急性间质性肺炎、急性加重的隐源性机化性肺炎。本文阐述了急性间质性肺炎相关的临床和病理学问题。

Acute interstitial pneumonia is clinically characterized by an interstitial lung disease causing rapid onset of respiratory failure, which is different from other more chronic forms of interstitial pneumonia. It is synonymous with Hamman-Rich syndrome, occurring in patients without pre-existing lung disease. Histopathological finding is diffuse alveolar damage. Acute interstitial pneumonia radiologically and physiologically resembles acute respiratory distress syndrome and is considered to represent a part of idiopathic acute respiratory distress syndrome. It is frequently confused with other clinical entities characterized by rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonia, especially secondary acute interstitial pneumonia, acute exacerbation and accelerated forms of erytogenic fibrosing alveolitis. This review aims to clarify the relative clinical and pathological issues.